Biography of william b shockley biography
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William Shockley
American physicist, inventor, and eugenicist (–)
For other uses, see William Shockley (disambiguation).
William Bradford Shockley Jr. (February 13, – August 12, ) was an American uppfinnare, physicist, and eugenicist. He was the manager of a research group at Bell Labs that included John Bardeen and Walter Brattain. The three scientists were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for "their researches on semiconductors and their upptäckt of the transistor effect".[1]
Partly as a result of Shockley's attempts to commercialize a new transistor design in the s and s, California's Silicon Valley became a hotbed of electronics nyhet. He recruited brilliant employees, but quickly alienated them with his autocratic and erratic management; they left and founded major companies in the industry.[2]
In his later life, while a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University and afterward, Shockley became known as a racist and euge
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William Shockley
- Birthdate
- /02/13
- Birthplace
- London, UK
- Death date
- /08/12
- Associated organizations
- Bell Labs, Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory, Stanford University, California Institute of Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Anti-submarine Warfare Operations
- Fields of study
- Semiconductors, Mechanical Engineering, Physics
- Awards
- Nobel Prize, IEEE Medal of Honor, National Medal of Merit, Comstock Prize in Physics, The Oliver E. Buckley Solid State Physics Prize of the American Physical Society, Holley Medal of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Wilhelm Exner Medal, Maurice Liebman Memorial Prize from IEEE
Biography
William Shockley gained fame and shared a Nobel Prize for his development of point-contact transistors, work that provided the basis for one of the sweeping technological revolutions of the twentieth century. His junction and field-effect transistors became workhorses of the electronics industry. In later years, he would gain
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William Shockley
He shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with John Bardeen and Walter Brattain for his work on these projects. When Shockley left Bell Labs to establish his own company, he set up shop near Palo Alto, California. His research there focused upon developing silicon-based semiconductor devices, making him the first to introduce silicon into the area now known as Silicon Valley.
Shockley was born in London in to American parents. The family returned to the United States a few years later, settling in Palo Alto, California. Shockley attended Palo Alto Military Academy, then Hollywood High School. For college, he enrolled at the University of California at Los Angeles, transferring to the California Institute of Technology (CalTech) after a year. In , he received a B.S. in physics. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) offered Shockley a graduate fellowship; he received his Ph.D. there in
Shockley accepted a research position at Bell Laboratories in New Jer